Medición del dolor durante el trabajo de parto: evaluación de la usabilidad de un nuevo dispositivo / Pain measurement during labor: usability evaluation of a new device

Objetivo: Evaluar la usabilidad de un dispositivo para medir el dolor durante el trabajo de parto a través de siete ítems: tamaño, textura, facilidad de uso, peso, resistencia, comodidad y seguridad. Método: Estudio descriptivo. Se solicitó a 60 pacientes usar el sensor manual durante el transcurso de seis contracciones uterinas (aproximadamente 10-20 minutos) y al día siguiente se aplicó una encuesta en la que las pacientes evaluaron la usabilidad del dispositivo en cuanto a textura, peso, resistencia, comodidad, facilidad de uso, tamaño del sensor, seguridad de uso, peso del sensor, resistencia y comodidad, mediante una escala de Likert de 1 a 7. La seguridad fue evaluada con una escala de 1 a 5. Resultados: Se realizaron gráficos de caja. Con respecto a la seguridad, un 86% de las usuarias marcaron 5 puntos en la escala, percibiendo el dispositivo como seguro. Conclusiones: El dispositivo fue percibido como seguro, liviano, fácil de usar y cómodo.

Objective: To evaluate the usability of a device to measure pain during labor through seven items: size, texture, ease of use, weight, resistance, comfort, and safety. Method: Longitudinal observational study. 60 patients were asked to use the manual sensor during the course of six uterine contractions (approximately 10-20 minutes) and the following day a survey was applied where the patients evaluated the usability of the device in terms of texture, weight, resistance, comfort, easiness of use, sensor size, safety of use, sensor weight, resistance and comfort through a Likert scale from 1 to 7. Safety was evaluated with a scale from 1 to 5. Results: They were schematized with a box plot. Regarding safety, 86% of the users scored 5 points on the scale, perceiving the device as safe. Conclusions: It can be seen that the device was perceived as safe, light, easy to use and comfortable.

Aromatherapy with oil of Lavandula angustifolia for pain in women: scoping review / Aromaterapia com óleo essencial de Lavandula angustifolia para dor em mulheres: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Aromatherapy with lavender essential oil has been used to reduce pain, anxiety, nausea and vomiting, among others. As the painful experience is unique, responses to therapeutic approaches may vary among individuals and there are specific conditions related to women's health that deserve to be examined. The objective of this study was to analyze the uses of aromatherapy with essential oil of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), by nurses, for pain control in women. CONTENTS: This is a scoping literature review. The search was carried out in the following portals and/or databases: BVS, Pubmed, Cochrane, on June 3, 2022, and was updated on June 9, 2023. The sample consisted of four controlled clinical trials addressing aromatherapy with lavender essential oil in the "inhalation" and "massage" modalities, to treat acute labor pain and dysmenorrhea. In all studies, the intervention provided a reduction in pain without unwanted effects (p<0.05) and the nurse participated as a member of the multidisciplinary team. CONCLUSION: Aromatherapy with lavender essential oil during labor and dysmenorrhea proved to be effective in reducing pain in the analyzed sample.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A aromaterapia com óleo essencial de lavanda tem sido utilizada para redução de dor, ansiedade, náuseas e vômitos, dentre outros. Assim como a experiência dolorosa é única, as respostas às abordagens terapêuticas podem variar entre os indivíduos e há condições específicas relacionadas à saúde da mulher que merecem ser examinadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os usos da aromaterapia com óleo essencial de lavanda (Lavandula angustifolia), por enfermeiros, no controle da dor em mulheres. CONTEÚDO: Esta é uma revisão de escopo da literatura. A busca foi realizada nos seguintes portais e/ou bases de dados: BVS, Pubmed, Cochrane, em 03 junho de 2022, sendo atualizada em 09 de junho de 2023. A amostra foi composta de quatro ensaios clínicos controlados abordando aromaterapia com óleo essencial de lavanda nas modalidades "inalação" e "massagem", para tratar dor aguda do parto e da dismenorreia. Em todos os estudos a intervenção proporcionou redução na dor sem efeitos adversos (p<0,05) e o enfermeiro participou como integrante da equipe multidisciplinar. CONCLUSÃO: A aromaterapia com óleo essencial de lavanda no trabalho de parto e dismenorreia mostrou-se eficaz para a redução da dor na amostra analisada.

Non-pharmacological measures for pain relief in childbirth: a systematic review / Medidas não farmacológicas para alívio da dor do parto: revisão sistemática

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological measures used by obstetric nurses to relieve pain during labor. Methods: this is a systematic review of the databases carried out in the United States National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Heal Literature, Scopus, Web of Science and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, the descriptors were: labor pain, labor, obstetric and obstetric nursing. The search and selection followed the PRISMA recommendations, were carried out from August to September 2020, and randomized clinical trials were eligible and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 17 clinical trials made up the final sample, which highlight the use of non-pharmacological measures with diversified benefits for labor, namely: thermal therapy (20%); massage/sacral massage (15%); Swiss ball exercises (15%); acupressure (15%); auriculotherapy (10%); music therapy (10%); aromatherapy (5%); acupuncture (5%); and dance (5%). Conclusion: the non-pharmacological measures found in this review are efficient to promote pain reduction during labor, associated with a decrease in the use of drug interventions.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a efetividade das medidas não farmacológicas utilizadas por enfermeiros obstetras para o alívio da dor durante o trabalho de parto. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados United States National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursingand Allied Heal Literature, Scopus, Web of Science e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, os descritores foram: labor pain, labor, obstetric e obstetric nursing. A busca e seleção seguiu as recomendações do PRISMA, aconteceu de agosto a setembro de 2020, foram elegíveis ensaios clínicos randomizados e foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: 17 ensaios clínicos compuseram a amostra final, os quais destacam a utilização de medidas não farmacológicas com benefícios diversificados para o trabalho de parto, a saber: terapia térmica (20%); massagem/massagem sacral (15%); exercícios em bola suíça (15%); acupressão (15%); auriculoterapia (10%); musicoterapia (10%); aromaterapia (5%); acupuntura (5%); e dança (5%). Conclusão: as medidas não farmacológicas encontradas nesta revisão são eficientes para promover a redução da dor durante o trabalho de parto, associando-se com a diminuição do uso de intervenções medicamentosas.

Desenvolvimento de cartilha como tecnologia educacional para alívio da dor do parto / Elaboración de cartilla como tecnología educativa para el alivio del dolor de parto / Development of a booklet as an educational technology for birth pain relief

Resumo Objetivo Descrever os processos de construção e validação de cartilha educativa sobre métodos não farmacológicos para alívio da dor no trabalho de parto e parto. Métodos Estudo metodológico, realizado em três etapas. Na primeira, foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico para seleção dos conteúdos referentes à temática. Na segunda etapa, realizou-se validação com 24 juízes de conteúdo e três juízes técnicos. Na terceira etapa, ocorreu validação pelo público-alvo, com 30 gestantes. O período do estudo foi de setembro a novembro de 2018. Foi utilizado o editor de planilhas do Office para análise dos dados. Resultados O nível de concordância atribuído pelos juízes de conteúdo e técnicos esteve entre 97,2% e 98,9% e entre 83,3% e 100%, respectivamente; o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global foi de 0,92 e 0,97, respectivamente. Na avaliação realizada com o Suitability Assesment of Materials, os juízes de conteúdo classificaram a cartilha como "superior", com média de 85,2% e os técnicos com média de 77,5%. O público-alvo validou a cartilha com Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global de 0,98 e nível de concordância de 99,7%. Conclusão A cartilha educativa mostrou-se válida para ser utilizada junto às gestantes, sendo considerada tecnologia educativa inovadora e relevante na utilização em consulta pré-natal.

Resumen Objetivo Describir el proceso de elaboración y validación de cartilla educativa sobre métodos no farmacológicos para aliviar el dolor en el trabajo de parto y en el parto. Métodos Estudio metodológico, realizado en tres etapas. En la primera, se realizó el análisis bibliográfico para seleccionar contenidos relacionados con la temática. En la segunda etapa, se realizó la validación con 24 jueces de contenido y tres jueces técnicos. En la tercera etapa, se llevó a cabo la validación por parte del público destinatario, con 30 mujeres embarazadas. El período de estudio fue de septiembre a noviembre de 2018. Se utilizó el editor de planillas de Office para el análisis de datos. Resultados El nivel de concordancia atribuido por los jueces de contenido fue entre 97,2 % y 98,9 % y de los técnicos entre 83,3 % y 100 %. El Índice de Validez de Contenido global fue de 0,92 y 0,97, respectivamente. En la evaluación realizada con Suitability Assesment of Materials, los jueces de contenido clasificaron la cartilla como "superior", con promedio de 85,2 % y los técnicos con promedio de 77,5 %. El público destinatario validó la cartilla con Índice de Validez de Contenido global de 0,98 y nivel de concordancia de 99,7 %. Conclusión La cartilla educativa demostró ser válida para ser utilizada con mujeres embarazadas y fue considerada una tecnología educativa innovadora y relevante para utilizar en consultas de control prenatal.

Abstract Objective To describe the construction and validity of an educational booklet on non-pharmacological methods for labor and birth pain relief. Methods This is a methodological study, carried out in three stages. In the first, a bibliographic survey was carried out to select the contents related to the theme. In the second stage, validity was carried out with 24 content judges and three technical judges. In the third stage, there was validity by the target audience, with 30 pregnant women. The study took place from September to November 2018. The Office spreadsheet editor was used for data analysis. Results The level of agreement attributed by the content and technical judges was between 97.2% and 98.9% and between 83.3% and 100%, respectively. The overall Content Validity Index was 0.92 and 0.97, respectively. In the assessment carried out with the Suitability Assessment of Materials, the content judges classified the booklet as "superior", with an average of 85.2%, and the technicians, with an average of 77.5%. The target audience validated the booklet with an overall Content Validity Index of 0.98 and an agreement level of 99.7%. Conclusion The educational booklet proved to be valid for use with pregnant women, being considered innovative and relevant educational technology for use in prenatal consultation.

Current situation of parturiophobia and its correlation with prenatal preferred delivery mode in Changning District, Shanghai / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the prevalence of parturiophobia and its association with preferred mode of delivery in pregnant women in Changning District, Shanghai.Methods:A cross- sectional study was conducted among 1 560 pregnant women in the third trimester who had their antenatal examination in Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital from September 2020 to March 2021. Fear of childbirth was measured with a validated Chinese version of Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire version A (W-DEQ-A). Based on the W-DEQ-A scores, the participants were divided into two groups: non-clinical parturiophobia group [<85 scores, including mild (≤37 scores), moderate (38-65 scores) and severe (66-84 scores) parturiophobia] and clinical parturiophobia group (≥85 scores). Rank-sum test, Chi-square test and t-test were used for univariate analysis. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with fear of childbirth and its relationship with preferred mode of delivery. Results:The detection rates of mild, moderate, severe and clinical parturiophobia were 18.8% (294/1 560), 44.9% (700/1 560), 31.1% (485/1 560) and 5.2% (81/1 560), respectively. Multivariate binary logistic regression showed that the participants who were supported by relatives and friends to have cesarean section ( OR=3.45, 95% CI: 1.29-9.22) or had antenatal anxiety ( OR=4.73, 95% CI: 2.49-8.97) were more likely to have clinical parturiophobia, while those with planned pregnancy ( OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.29-0.82), high intensity physical activity ( OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.18-0.72) or better/well understanding of the delivery process ( OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.19-0.97) were less likely to develop clinical parturiophobia (all P<0.05). Compared with the non-clinical parturiophobia women, those with clinical parturiophobia were more likely to choose cesarean section ( OR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.22-3.78, P=0.008). Conclusions:The detection rates of severe and clinical parturiophobia are 31.1% and 5.2% in Changning District, Shanghai. The associated factors mainly include the attitudes of relatives and friends towards the mode of delivery, antenatal anxiety, planned pregnancy or not, physical activity level and the understanding of delivery process. Clinical parturiophobia might be an important factor for cesarean section on maternal request.

Effect of ropivacaine hydrochloride combined with sufentanil for intraspinal patient controlled analgesia in delivery analgesia and its influence on stress reaction and pregnancy outcome / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of ropivacaine hydrochloride combined with sufentanil for intraspinal patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in labor analgesia, and its influence on stress response and pregnancy outcome.Methods:The general data of 97 parturients who underwent intraspinal PCA delivery analgesia in Chengdu Seventh People′s Hospital from April 2019 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the observation group (51 cases) and the control group (46 cases) according to different analgesia methods. The observation group parturients were given ropivacaine hydrochloride combined with sufentanil intraspinal PCA, and the control group parturients were given ropivacaine hydrochloride intraspinal PCA. The numerical scoring system (NRS) was used to evaluate the pain degree of the parturient before, 15 minutes after, 30 minutes after, 45 minutes after analgesia and when the uterine orifice was fully opened. The onset time of analgesia, the time of perfection of analgesia, the amount of ropivacaine hydrochloride, sufentanil and the total amount of analgesic drugs were counted. The levels of serum cortisol (COR), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and Norepinephrine (NA) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The time of the first stage of labor, the active stage, the second stage of labor, and the third stage of labor, the amount of vaginal bleeding (during labor and within 2 hours after delivery), the proportion of oxytocin application, normal labor, forceps delivery, lateral perineum resection, and caesarean section, the occurrence of adverse reactions (itching, fever, nausea and vomiting, urinary retention, and fetal bradycardia), and the Apgar score of newborns (1 min and 5 min after birth) were counted.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the onset time and improvement time of analgesia between the two groups of postpartum women, as well as the NRS scores before and after analgesia at 15, 30, and 45 minutes, as well as when the cervix was fully opened (all P>0.05). The dosage of Ropivacaine hydrochloride and the total amount of analgesics in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group (all P<0.05). After analgesia, the serum levels of COR, ACTH, and NA in both groups decreased significantly compared to before analgesia (all P<0.05); After analgesia, there was no statistically significant difference in serum COR, ACTH, and NA levels between the two groups (all P>0.05). The second stage of labor in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group, the vaginal bleeding volume and the proportion of caesarean section were lower than those in the control group, the proportion of normal delivery and the Apgar score 1 min after birth of the fetus were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the analgesic effect and total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups of postpartum women (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Ropivacaine hydrochloride combined with sufentanil intraspinal PCA can effectively alleviate labor pain, reduce the amount of analgesics, and improve maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes.

Labor Analgesia In Times Of COVID-19

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has represented changes in obstetric care and in anesthesiology practice, trying to avoid general anesthesia and promoting the early use of epidural catheters for the management of labor pain. The care of pregnant women represents a risk of contagion for health personnel and all recommendations have been made in order to provide safe environments for the patient and workers. To describe the current scientific knowledge onObjective: the analgesic management of the pregnant patient during the period of labor in times of COVID-19, through a bibliographic review of indexed research. Theoretical-descriptive review, with analysis ofMaterials and methods: scientific articles published in journals indexed between 2019-2022, consulting databases: PubMed, MedLine, Scielo, and Google Scholar. The PRISMA diagram was implemented as a tool. The pain associated with labor can causeResults: both maternal and fetal alterations and interfere with the normal development of the process. Neuraxial analgesia is recommended when COVID-19 is suspected or confirmed, reducing the need for general anesthesia in the emergency room. There is no evidence of contraindications in these cases and the possible emission of aerosols does not represent a greater risk of contagion. Neuraxial analgesia during labor is essential in obstetric care, even in the face ofConclusion: COVID-19 infection. It is currently known that aerosol-generating procedures do not represent a risk of transmission of coronavirus infection under biosafety conditions.

Effectiveness of Shiatsu Massage on First Stage Labour Pain among Parturient Mothers

Childbirth is an experience in a woman' s life that holds the power to transform her forever. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of Shiatsu massage upon rst stage Labour pain among the parturient mothers. In this pre-test, post-test experimental study, 60 parturient mothers were selected by simple random sampling technique among which 30 were assigned to the control group and 30 mothers to the experimental group. The labour pain level was assessed by the visual pain analogue scale, and foeto maternal parameters using modi- ed WHO partograph before and after intervention for both control and experimental group of parturient mothers. The experimental group was provided with Shiatsu massage on UB30 of the sacro-meridian region for 10 minutes for every two hours along with the routine care and the control group was treated only with the routine care during the labour process. The results showed a signi cant difference in after therapy pain score, at p'lt;0.001 between the control and experimental group. The foeto maternal parameters like foetal heart rate, uterine contraction and cervical dilatation was stable throughout the labour process. The Shiatsu massage was effective in reducing the level of labour pain perception. The management of labour pain is a primary responsibility of the nurse. Midwives can be empowered to provide Shiatsu massage as non-pharmacological pain management during childbirth.

The application effect of virtual reality in labor pain management: a Meta analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To evaluate the application effect of virtual reality in labor pain management by Meta analysis.Methods:The randomized controlled trials on the impact of virtual reality on labor pain was searched by PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, Chinese biomedical database, and VIP database from their inception until July 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bais of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software Version 3.Results:Totally, 658 pregnant women were identified in the search, which were narrowed down to 8 studies. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the virtual reality group decreased the labor pain compared with the normal nursing group ( MD=-1.13, 95% CI-1.59 to -0.67, P<0.01), especially during the active phase of labor ( MD=-1.20, 95% CI-1.96 to -0.45, P<0.01). Besides, compared with the normal nursing group, the virtual reality group had a shorter first stage duration of labor ( MD=-0.93, 95% CI-1.51 to -0.34, P<0.01) and a lower level of anxiety ( SMD=-1.54, 95% CI-2.22 to -0.85, P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference between two groups in the pain scores during the latent phase of labor ( MD=-0.41, 95% CI-1.30 to 0.47, P>0.05) and the second stage duration of labor ( MD=-0.37, 95% CI-3.27 to 2.53, P>0.05). Conclusions:The findings of this Meta-analysis showed that the virtual reality significantly reduced the labor pain, shorted the first stage labor duration and lowered anxiety level. However, due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, its conclusions need to be verified by more large sample multicenter randomized controlled trials with rigorous design in the future.

Effects of mindfulness-based childbirth on procedural fear， pain and outcome in pregnant women / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of mindfulness-based childbirth on procedural fear， pain and pregnancy outcome in pregnant women， so as to provide references for clinical application of mindfulness-based childbirth. MethodsA total of 100 pregnant women in the Third Hospital of Mianyang from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected， and divided into experimental group and control group by random number table method， each with 50 cases. All pregnant women received routine nursing， based on this， experimental group received an 8-week mindfulness-based childbirth intervention. Then pregnant women were evaluated with Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaires （CAQ） and Numerical Rating Scale （NRS）， meantime， the labour course and mode of delivery were recorded. Thereafter， the two groups were compared in terms of fear， pain， labor course and delivery mode. ResultsThe scores of CAQ ［（30.46±9.27） vs.（43.24±14.54）， t=-5.242， P<0.01］ and NRS ［（6.64±0.80） vs.（7.32±0.77）， t=-4.331， P<0.01］ yielded statistical differences between experimental group and control group. The labor course of experimental group was shorter than that of control group ［（10.10±1.91）h vs.（13.28±3.28）h， t=-5.921， P<0.01］. The vaginal delivery rate was 84.00% in experimental group and 60.00% in control group， and the cesarean section rate was 16.00% and 40.00%， respectively， with statistical difference （χ2=7.143， P<0.01）. ConclusionMindfulness-based childbirth may alleviate the labor fear and pain， shorten the labor course and promote vaginal delivery.

Utilização de métodos não farmacológicos para alívio da dor no trabalho de parto / Use of non-pharmacological pain relief methods in labor / Utilización de métodos no farmacológicos para aliviar el dolor durante el trabajo de parto

RESUMO: Objetivo: analisar a prática de realização de métodos não farmacológicos para alívio da dor durante o trabalho de parto. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo de corte transversal desenvolvido de dezembro de 2019 a setembro de 2020 em um Serviço de Enfermagem Materno Infantil do sul do Brasil. Foram realizados analises de 560 prontuários e coletas em banco de dados institucional. Utilizou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para a normalidade das variáveis e, para associações, os testes t para amostras independentes, Qui-quadrado ou exato de Fischer. Resultados: Constatou-se que 164 (29,3%) das parturientes realizaram pelo menos um tipo de método, sendo os mais utilizados a hidroterapia 137(24,5%), mudança de posição 124(22,1%) e exercícios de respiração 121(21,6%). Houve associação significativa p(<0,05) entre métodos, tipo de parto, gestação e paridade. Conclusão: Este estudo evidencia o perfil de parturientes que se beneficiam destas práticas e expõe a baixa frequência do seu uso, demonstrando uma área promissora para estudos e atividades de educação continuada.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the practice of using non-pharmacological pain relief methods during labor. Method: a quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional study developed from December 2019 to September 2020 in a Maternal and Child Nursing Service from southern Brazil. A total of 560 medical charts were analyzed and data collection took place in the institutional database. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normality of the variables and, for associations, the t test for independent samples, chi-square or Fischer's exact test. Results: It was found that 164 (29.3%) of the parturients resorted to at least one type of method, the most used being hydrotherapy with 137 (24.5%), change of position with 124 (22.1%) and breathing exercises with 121 (21.6%). There was a significant association (p<0.05) between methods, type of delivery, pregnancy and parity. Conclusion: This study highlights the profile of parturients who benefit from these practices and exposes the low frequency of their use, showing a promising area for studies and continuing education activities.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la práctica de implementar métodos no farmacológicos para aliviar el dolor durante el trabajo de parto. Método: estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo de corte transversal desarrollado entre diciembre de 2019 y septiembre de 2020 en un Servicio de Enfermería Materno Infantil del sur de Brasil. Se analizaron 560 historias clínicas y los datos se recolectaron en una base de datos institucional. Se utilizó la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para la normalidad de las variables y, para las asociaciones, la prueba t para muestras independientes, la de chi-cuadrado o la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: Se descubrió que 164 (29,3%) de las parturientas realizaron al menos un tipo de método, siendo los más utilizados hidroterapia con 137 (24,5%), cambio de posición con 124 (22,1%) y ejercicios respiratorios con 121 (21,6%). Se registró una asociación significativa (p<0,05) entre métodos, tipo de parto, embarazo actual y paridad. Conclusión: Este estudio pone en evidencia el perfil de las parturientas que se benefician de estas prácticas y expone la baja frecuencia de su uso, demostrando así un área promisoria para estudios y actividades de formación continua.

Efetividade das essências florais no trabalho de parto e nascimento: avaliação dos parâmetros obstétricos e neuroendócrinos / Efectividad de las esencias florales en el trabajo de parto y nacimiento: evaluación de los parámetros obstétricos y neuroendócrinos / Effectiveness of flower essences in labor and birth: evaluation of obstetric and neuroendocrine parameters

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a efetividade da terapia floral associados aos fatores que potencializam a dor e o estresse no processo de parturição por meio de parâmetros obstétricos e neuroendócrinos. Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado, triplo cego, placebo controlado, realizado com 164 parturientes de risco obstétrico habitual, subdivididas entre dois grupos para as quais foram ministradas essência floral Five Flower e placebo, respectivamente. Avaliou-se aspectos obstétricos e neuroendócrinos por meio da análise bioquímica dos hormônios Beta-endorfina e Cortisol salivar antes e ao término da intervenção. Resultados A essência floral modulou os fatores que potencializam a dor no trabalho de parto, isto é, rotura das membranas amnióticas, fase ativa e indução do parto. Houve aumento dos níveis de Beta-endorfina juntamente com a diminuição de uma contração em mulheres com rotura das membranas ovulares e com indução. Em relação ao estresse, houve constância dos valores do Cortisol para o Grupo Experimental, não alterando seu valor na fase ativa, rotura das membranas ovulares ou indução. A Essência Five Flower mostrou-se eficaz na redução de uma hora e vinte e cinco minutos do tempo do trabalho de parto no Grupo Experimental. Conclusão A terapia floral realizada, mostrou-se eficaz no controle da dor e estresse durante o trabalho de parto, refletindo positivamente na sua brevidade e qualificando seu desfecho.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la efectividad de la terapia floral asociada a los factores que potencializan el dolor y el estrés en el proceso de parto por medio de parámetros obstétricos y neuroendócrinos. Métodos Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, triple ciego, placebo controlado, realizado con 164 parturientas de riesgo obstétrico normal, subdivididas en dos grupos en que se les administró esencia floral Five Flower y placebo. Se evaluaron aspectos obstétricos y neuroendócrinos por medio del análisis bioquímico de las hormonas betaendorfina y cortisol salival antes y al final de la intervención. Resultados La esencia floral reguló los factores que potencializan el dolor en el trabajo de parto, es decir, ruptura de las membranas amnióticas, fase activa e inducción del parto. Hubo aumento de los niveles de betaendorfina junto con la reducción de una contracción en mujeres con ruptura de las membranas ovulares y con inducción. Con relación al estrés, hubo constancia de los valores de cortisol en el grupo experimental, sin aumento de su valor en la fase activa, ruptura de las membranas ovulares o inducción. La esencia Five Flower demostró ser eficaz para la reducción de una hora y veinticinco minutos de tiempo de trabajo de parto en el grupo experimental. Conclusión La terapia floral realizada demostró ser eficaz en el control del dolor y del estrés durante el trabajo de parto, con un impacto positivo en su brevedad y en la cualificación de su desenlace.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of floral therapy associated with factors that strengthen pain and stress in the labor process through obstetric and neuroendocrine parameters. Methods Randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial performed with 164 parturients at usual obstetric risk subdivided into two groups to which Five Flower floral essence and placebo were administered. Obstetric and neuroendocrine aspects were evaluated through biochemical analysis of the beta-endorphin and cortisol hormones through salivary samples before and after the intervention. Results The flower essence modulated the factors that strengthen pain in labor, that is, rupture of amniotic membranes, active phase and induction of labor. There was an increase in beta-endorphin levels along with one less contraction in women with ruptured ovular membranes and labor induction. Regarding stress, cortisol values were constant for the Experimental group, and did not change in the active phase, rupture of the ovular membranes or induction. The Five Flower essence proved to be effective in reducing labor time by 1 hour 25 minutes in the Experimental group. Conclusion The floral therapy used proved to be effective in controlling pain and stress during labor, and reflected positively on its agility and qualified its outcome.

The effect of improved epidural catheter labor analgesia on the maternal and infant outcome of re-pregnant parturients with scar uterus / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of improved epidural catheter labor analgesia on the maternal and infant outcome of re-pregnant parturients with scar uterus.Method:A total of 100 cases of re-pregnant women with scarred uterus admitted to Shexian Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected. According to the random number table, they were divided into the observation group (50 cases) and the control group (50 cases). Parturients in the observation group received a modified epidural catheter for labor analgesia, and parturients in the control group received conventional epidural analgesia. The complications of epidural vascular injury, difficulty in catheterization, multiple catheterization, loss of catheter resistance, urinary retention, intrauterine distress, neonatal asphyxia, postpartum hemorrhage, Apgar score, maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:The rate of epidural vascular injury, difficulty in catheter placement, multiple catheter placement and disappearance of catheter resistancein the observation group were lower than those in the control group: 2.0%(1/50) vs. 14.0%(7/50), 2.0%(1/50) vs. 16.0%(8/50), 0 vs. 8.0% (4/50), 8.0% (4/50) vs. 24.0% (12/50), χ2 = 4.89, 5.98, 4.17, 4.76, P<0.05. The rate of urinary retention, intrauterine distress and neonatal asphyxia in the observation group were lower than those in the control group: 4.0%(2/50) vs. 16.0%(8/50), 2.0%(1/50) vs. 14.0%(7/50), 0 vs. 8.0%(4/50), χ2 = 4.00, 4.89, 4.17, P<0.05. Conclusions:Improved epidural catheter delivery analgesia for patients with scarred uterus can achieve significant results, effectively reduce the incidence of vascular injury, and improve the maternal and infant outcome.

Effect of acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on labor pain in nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To examine the effect of acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (ACUTENS) on labor pain in nulliparous women. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted at Razi Hospital in Qazvin, Iran between January and July 2018. After the screening process, 144 out of 184 pregnant women were selected by convenience sampling and assigned to an intervention group or a control group by the block randomization method. The intervention group received ACUTENS at Hegu (LI4), Shenmen (HT7), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Neimadian (Extra) during various stages of delivery in addition to routine labor care at the delivery room. For the control group, the same routine labor care was performed alone. The severity of pain was assessed in the two groups using the visual analog scale (VAS). The data were analyzed using R software (ver. 4.0.2) and repeated measurement analysis of variance. Results: ACUTENS reduced the mean score of pain intensity in the first stage of labor in the intervention group more than that in the control group (P<0.001). Also, the mean scores of pain intensity in the second stage of labor, episiotomy, and one hour after delivery in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: ACUTENS at Hegu (LI4), Shenmen (HT7), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Neimadian (Extra) can decrease the intensity of labor pain in nulliparous women. It can be used as a non-pharmacological method for reducing pain in and after labor.

Evaluation of efficacy of intravenous nalbuphine before epidural labor analgesia in inhibiting uterine contraction pain in primiparae / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To assess the value of nalbuphine intravenously injected before epidural labor analgesia in inhibiting uterine contraction pain in primiparae.Methods:A total of 140 expectant primiparae who were suitable and willing to receive epidural labor analgesia with a singleton fetus in vertex presentation, aged 20-40 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ-Ⅱ, with their cervical dilation of 2-3 cm, were divided into nalbuphine group (N group) and routine control group (C group), with 70 cases in each group.Group N received intravenous injection of nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg (in normal saline 5 ml) at 10 min before epidural puncture, while group C received intravenous injection of the equal volume of normal saline at 10 min before epidural puncture.The epidural puncture-related items including the intensity of pain (Numeric Rating Scale [NRS] scores) and degree of sedation-agitation (Riker sedation agitation scores) during uterine contraction, duration of epidural procedure, parturients′ satisfaction with epidural puncture, successful epidural catheterization at first attempt and complications (nerve paraesthesia and inadvertent intravascular punctures) were recorded.Results:Compared with group C, the NRS scores and Riker scores for uterine contraction pain were significantly decreased during epidural procedure ( P<0.05), with NRS score <6 and Riker sedation agitation scores of 4, the duration of epidural puncture was shortened, the success rate of epidural puncture at first attempt was increased(51%/70%), and the incidence of nerve paraesthesia and inadvertent intravascular puncture was decreased(17%/6%, 14%/4%), and the parturients′ satisfaction with epidural puncture was increased in group N ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg intravenously injected before epidural labor analgesia can safely and effectively reduce uterine contraction pain without limb agitation, which is helpful in implementating epidural puncture in primiparae.

Value of systematic education for primiparas undergoing epidural labor analgesia / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of systematic education for primiparas undergoing epidural labor analgesia.Methods:A total of 240 primiparas who were suitable and voluntarily requested epidural labor analgesia, aged 20-35 yr, at 37-41 + 6 weeks gestation, with a singleton fetus, in vertex presentation without fetal abnormality, were selected.According to whether the primiparas and their accompanying family members had received systematic education on epidural labor analgesia during pregnancy, the primiparas were divided into 2 groups ( n=120 each): education group and control group.When the uterine contraction was regular and the diameter of the uterine orifice reached 2 cm or more, epidural labor analgesia was carried out.Before the begining of epidural puncture, the degree of anxiety of pregnant women was evaluated using the self-rating anxiety scale.The time of communication before analgesia, time of placing body position, and satisfaction of puerperae and their family members with labor analgesia were observed and recorded. Results:Compared with control group, the self-rating anxiety scale score was significantly decreased, the time of communication before analgesia and time of placing body position were shortened, and the rate of satisfaction of puerperae and their family members with labor analgesia was increased in education group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Systematic education is helpful in relieving the anxiety of primiparas during epidural labor analgesia, increasing the efficiency of analgesia implementation and improving the delivery experience of puerperae.

Tecnologias não invasivas para o alívio da dor na parturição / Non-invasive technologies for pain relief in parturition / Tecnologías no invasivas para el alivio del dolor durante en el parto

Objetivo: Analisar as tecnologias não invasivas de alívio da dor no parto e nascimento. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura, com 13 artigos obtidos nas bases de dados Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, SciVerse Scopus TopCited, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e a biblioteca virtual Scientific Electronic Library Online entre o período de 2010 a 2016. Resultados: Observou o uso de mais de duas tecnologias não farmacológicas no processo de parto e nascimento, como aromaterapia isolada ou somada a mais uma tecnologia; aplicação isolada de frio e/ou calor; uso da bola suíça/bola de parto. Conclusão: A utilização de novas tecnologias no processo parturitivo resgata a autonomia da mulher frente ao seu corpo

Objective: To analyze the non-invasive technologies of pain relief in labor and birth. Method: Integrative literature review, with 13 articles from the Web of Science database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, SciVerse Scopus TopCited, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, and the library Scientific Electronic Library Online between 2010 and 2016. Results: Observed the use of more than two non-pharmacological technologies in the delivery and birth process, such as aromatherapy alone or added to another technology; isolated application of cold and / or heat; use of the Swiss ball / birth ball. Conclusion: The use of new technologies in the parturition process rescues the autonomy of women in front of their bodies

Objetivo: Analizar tecnologías no invasivas de alivio del dolor en el parto y el nacimiento. Método: Revisión integrativa de literatura, con 13 artículos de las bases de datos de Web of Science, de Contenido etiquetado de la literatura y la literatura en América Latina y el Caribe, en Ciencias de la Salud, SciVse Scopus TopCited, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online y la biblioteca Scientific Electronic Library virtual en línea entre el periodo de 2010 a 2016. Resultados: Observó el uso de más de dos tecnologías no farmacológicas en el parto y el proceso de parto, como la aromaterapia sola o agregada a otra tecnología; aplicación aislada de frío y / o calor; uso de la bola suiza / bola de nacimiento. Conclusión: El uso de nuevas tecnologías en el proceso de parto rescata la autonomía de las mujeres frente a sus cuerpos

Effects of floral therapy on labor and birth: a randomized clinical trial / Efectos de la terapia floral en el trabajo de parto y el nacimiento: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Efeitos da terapia floral no trabalho de parto e nascimento: ensaio clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the effects of floral therapy in the face of factors that boost pain in the parturition process and its results in the duration of labor. Methods: this is a randomized, controlled and triple-blind clinical trial. We selected 164 pregnant women with gestational age ≥37 weeks, cervical dilation ≥4 cm, randomly divided into floral therapy and placebo group. Results: the Five Flower floral essence proved to be effective, considering the factors that boost pain in labor. Experimental Group did not show an increase in contractions, unlike Control Group, which presented an increase of one contraction for mothers in active phase and amniorrhexis. The Five Flower essence proved to be effective in reducing labor time by 1:30h from the beginning of the intervention at birth. Conclusions: floral therapy proved to be effective in pain management, reflecting positively in its brevity, qualifying its outcome.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar los efectos de la terapia floral ante factores que potencian el dolor en el proceso del parto y sus resultados en la duración del parto. Métodos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, controlado y triple ciego. 164 mujeres embarazadas con edad gestacional ≥ 37 semanas, dilatación cervical ≥ 4 cm, fueron divididas aleatoriamente en 2 grupos: terapia floral y placebo. Resultados: la esencia floral Five Flower demostró ser eficaz ante los factores que potencian el dolor en el parto. El Grupo Experimental no mostró un aumento de las, a diferencia del Grupo Control, que mostró un aumento de una (1) contracción para las parturientas en fase activa y bolsa rota. La esencia Five Flower demostró ser eficaz para reducir el tiempo de parto desde la 1: 30h desde el inicio de la intervención hasta el nacimiento. Conclusiones: el uso de la terapia floral demostró ser eficaz en el control del dolor, reflejando positivamente su brevedad, calificando su resultado.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar os efeitos da terapia floral frente aos fatores que potencializam a dor no processo de parturição e seus resultados na duração do trabalho de parto. Métodos: ensaio clínico randomizado, controlado e triplo-cego. Foram selecionadas 164 gestantes com idade gestacional ≥ 37 semanas, dilatação cervical ≥4 cm, divididas aleatoriamente em 2 grupos: terapia floral e placebo. Resultados: a essência floral Five Flower mostrou-se eficaz diante dos fatores que potencializam a dor no trabalho de parto. O Grupo Experimental não apresentou aumento das contrações, diferentemente do Grupo Controle, que apresentou aumento de uma (1) contração para as parturientes em fase ativa e bolsa rota. A essência Five Flower mostrou-se eficaz na redução de 1:30h do tempo do trabalho de parto do início da intervenção ao nascimento. Conclusões: o uso da terapia floral mostrou-se eficaz no controle da dor, refletindo positivamente na sua brevidade, qualificando seu desfecho.

Investigating the Effect of Saffron on Anxiety, Fatigue, Labor Pain and Vaginal Childbirth: Review Article

@#Saffron and its active ingredients were found effective in the management of pain due to neurological and inflammatory causes. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of saffron on anxiety, fatigue and pain during labor progress. In this review study, articles in Persian and English language indexed in reputable databases, including Irandoc, Iranmedx, SID, Google scholar, Magiran, Scopus, web of science and PubMed were searched Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed qualitatively. Out of 34040 studies, 6 articles were included. The mean score of anxiety and fatigue, active phase length score of the first and second stages of delivery were lower in the saffron consumer group compared to pharmacotherapy group. Saffron can increase cervical ripening in term pregnancies. Saffron had abortive effects. Saffron can be used as a facilitator of labour and a natural analgesic for labor pains.

Atuação do fisioterapeuta no trabalho de parto: revisão da literatura e proposta de manual de orientação / Physiotherapist performance in labor: literature review and guidance manual proposal

O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão crítica da literatura sobre a atuação do fisioterapeuta durante o trabalho de parto e elaborar um manual com informações mais relevantes baseadas nesta pesquisa. Foram procurados artigos nas bases Scielo, PubMed/Medline, e Lilacs de 2006 até 2018. Após serem analisados, foram selecionados 13 artigos para a revisão, sendo 5 na Scielo, 6 na PubMed/Medline e 2 na Lilacs. Com esse levantamento pôde-se concluir que as intervenções fisioterapêuticas foram benéficas para o alívio da dor, na redução do tempo de trabalho de parto e da ansiedade e no aumento dos níveis de saturação de oxigênio, porém os estudos não encontraram eficácia da eletroestimulação elétrica transcutânea para os desfechos de alívio de dor no trabalho de parto. Palavras-chave: fisioterapia, trabalho de parto, dor de parto, gestante. (AU)

The objective of this literature review was the physiotherapist's performance during labor and ti elaborate a manual with the most relevant information found in this research. Articles were selected in the Scielo, PubMed/Medline and Lilacs databases from 2006 to 2018. After being analyzed for relevance, 13 articles were selected for review, being: 5 in Scielo, 6 in PubMed/Medline and 2 in Lilacs. Through this research, the studies demonstrated that the physiotherapeutic interventions were beneficial for the relief of pain, the reduction of labor time, the reduction of anxiety and the increase of levels of oxygen saturation. The studies did not find efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain relief outcomes in labor. (AU)